Methods and systems for providing stimuli to the brain

ABSTRACT

Visual and auditory stimuli are provided to a patient to treat various neurological disorders or conditions and/or to provide improved mental or physical performance. The visual and auditory stimuli are provided by a wearable headset or sleep mask that may be comfortably worn by a user, such as in bed to induce sleep. The wearable headset or sleep mask is operated by a personal computing device of the user, such as smartphone, having downloaded and active thereon a control application or app for the therapy. The wearable headset or sleep mask also concurrently provides tactile stimuli, and the tactile stimulus is provided from bone conduction transducers that concurrently provides the auditory stimuli.

CROSS-REFERENCE

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.62/258,965, filed Nov. 23, 2015, the contents of which are herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present disclosure relates to medical devices and methods. Inparticular, the present disclosure relates to providing stimuli to asubject to treat various neurological disorders or conditions and/or toprovide performance enhancement.

Discussion of the Background

Sensory stimulation has been applied to treat various disorders. Forexample, binaural beats have applied to induce various mental states toencourage sleep, relaxation, meditation, creativity, and other desirablemental states. Combinations of auditory and visual stimuli have beenapplied to encourage such mental states as well. The application of suchtherapy, however, has been less than ideal in many circumstances.Equipment to provide the stimulus can be bulky, expensive, generallyinaccessible, and below the critical efficacy threshold for widespreaduse, typically only helping subsets of the population. Users may findthe use of such equipment difficult in many circumstances, such as whentrying to sleep in a bedroom or an airplane cabin.

To treat various neurological disorders and conditions, pharmaceuticalsand/or supplements are often used instead of sensory stimulation. Theuse of pharmaceuticals, however, can be less than ideal in manycircumstances. Often, pharmaceuticals are expensive, rely onpatient-compliance, and may require a prescription from a medicalprofessional. Pharmaceuticals may be effective in only a small, lessthan ideal portion of the general population. To treat insomnia, forexample, pharmaceuticals and supplements such as melatonin and Zolpidem(e.g., AIVIIBIEN™) have questionable efficacy. Pharmaceuticals oftenlead to undesirable side effects. For example, some pharmaceutical fortreating insomnia can lead to deprivation in certain ranges of deepsleep and increases in mortality rates.

For at least these reasons, improved methods and systems to treatneurological disorders and other conditions that overcome at least someof the aforementioned challenges are desired.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to medical devices and methods which maybe used, for example, to provide stimulus to a subject to treat variousneurological disorders or conditions, where the stimulus provided mayinclude one or more of an auditory, a visual, or a tactile stimulus.Examples of neurological disorders which may be treated with devices andmethods may include, but are not limited to, insomnia, post-traumaticstress disorder (PTSD), brain injuries including, but not limited totraumatic brain injury (TBI), mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), orinjury from oxygen deprivation of the brain from strokes, depression,anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, eating disorders,psychotic disorders, and balance disorders, to name a few. Alternativelyor in combination, the stimulus provided by the medical devices andmethods described herein may provide cognitive benefits and/orenhancement, including, but not limited to, improving neuroplasticity,motor skills, coordination, reaction times, alertness, energy, workingmemory, mood, and feelings of wellbeing.

In certain embodiments, stimuli may be provided to the wearer of aheadset or sleep mask that may be comfortably worn by a user, such as inbed to induce sleep. The wearable headset or sleep mask may be operatedby a personal computing device of the user, such as smartphone, havingdownloaded and active thereon a control application or “app” for thetherapy. The wearable headset or sleep mask may also concurrentlyprovide tactile stimuli, and the tactile stimuli may be provided frombone conduction transducer that may concurrently provide the auditorystimuli. Various patterns of the stimuli to induce different userresponses are also disclosed.

In certain embodiments, a device is provided that produces an outputthat may be perceived by a user of the device as a visual, auditory ortactile stimuli at one or more frequencies, or in one or more frequencyranges. In certain embodiments, the stimuli may be turned on and off atfrequencies that are believed to induce one or more frequencies ofelectrical activity in the brain, which are generally accepted as beingdelta waves (1.0 to 3.0 Hz), theta waves (3.0 to 7.0 Hz), alpha waves(7.0 to 12 Hz), beta waves (12 to 38 Hz), and gamma waves (38 to 42 Hz).

Thus, for example, one embodiment device produces an output that may beperceived by a user of the device as a stimuli at sequentialfrequencies, such as sequences of alpha waves, theta waves, and deltawaves. In certain embodiments, the stimuli is a coordinated auditory andvisual stimulation, providing right and left eyes and ears to pulsedlight and pulsed auditory in each of the ranges listed above. As oneexample, the coordinated stimulation may be: 1) both eyes and both earsbeing stimulated at the same time; 2) the left eye and ear beingstimulated at the same time, followed by the right eye and ear beingstimulated at the same time; 3) both eyes being stimulated at the sametime, followed by both ears being stimulated at the same time; or 4) theright eye and left ear being stimulated at the same time, followed bythe left eye and right eye being stimulated at the same time. In eachcase, the stimulation may include, for example, sequentially stimulatingin the alpha wave range, followed by the theta wave range, followed bythe delta wave range. The stimulation can last for a period of oneminute up to an hour.

It is one aspect to provide a method to provide stimulation to a user.The method includes: providing a headset to be worn by the user;applying, with the headset, a left visual stimulus pattern to the lefteye of the user; applying, with the headset, a right visual stimuluspattern to the right eye of the user; applying, with the headset, a leftauditory stimulus pattern to the left side of a head of the user; andapplying, with the headset, a right auditory stimulus pattern to theright side of the head. The applications of the left visual stimuluspattern, the right visual stimulus pattern, the left auditory stimuluspattern, and the right auditory stimulus pattern are coordinated withone another.

It is another aspect to provide a method of treating a neurologicaldisease or condition or providing performance enhancement using themethod of providing stimulation to a user. The method includes:providing a headset to be worn by the user; applying, with the headset,a left visual stimulus pattern to the left eye of the user; applying,with the headset, a right visual stimulus pattern to the right eye ofthe user; applying, with the headset, a left auditory stimulus patternto the left side of a head of the user; and applying, with the headset,a right auditory stimulus pattern to the right side of the head. Theapplications of the left visual stimulus pattern, the right visualstimulus pattern, the left auditory stimulus pattern, and the rightauditory stimulus pattern are coordinated with one another.

It is one aspect to provide an apparatus to provide stimulation to auser. The apparatus includes: a frame configured to be worn on a head ofa user; a left light source configured to generate a left visualstimulus pattern; a right light source configured to generate a rightvisual stimulus pattern; a left auditory source configured to generate aleft auditory stimulus pattern; a right auditory source configured togenerate a right auditory stimulus pattern; and a controller coupled tothe left light source, the right light source, the left auditory source,and the right auditory source, The applications of the left visualstimulus pattern, the right visual stimulus pattern, the left auditorystimulus pattern, and the right auditory stimulus pattern areindependently controlled from one another but coordinated with oneanother by the controller.

It is yet another aspect to provide a method to provide stimulation to auser, the method includes: concurrently providing a left-side lightstimulus to a left eye of the user, a right-side light stimulus to aright eye of the user, a left-side auditory stimulus to a left side ofthe user, and a right-side auditory stimulus to a right side of the userfor a first time interval; alternating providing the left-side lightstimulus and left-side auditory stimulus with providing the right-sidelight stimulus and right-side auditory stimulus for a second timeinterval; alternating providing the left-side and right-side lightstimuli with providing the left-side and right-side auditory stimuli fora third time interval; and alternating providing the left-side lightstimulus and right-side auditory stimulus with providing the right-sidelight stimulus and left-side auditory stimulus for a fourth timeinterval.

It is one aspect to provide a method of treating a neurological diseaseor condition or providing performance enhancement using the method ofconcurrently providing a left-side light stimulus to a left eye of theuser, a right-side light stimulus to a right eye of the user, aleft-side auditory stimulus to a left side of the user, and a right-sideauditory stimulus to a right side of the user for a first time interval;alternating providing the left-side light stimulus and left-sideauditory stimulus with providing the right-side light stimulus andright-side auditory stimulus for a second time interval; alternatingproviding the left-side and right-side light stimuli with providing theleft-side and right-side auditory stimuli for a third time interval; andalternating providing the left-side light stimulus and right-sideauditory stimulus with providing the right-side light stimulus andleft-side auditory stimulus for a fourth time interval.

It is another aspect to provide a method of providing stimulation to auser, The method includes: providing a headset to be worn by the user;applying, with the headset, a left auditory stimulus pattern to the leftside of a head of the user; and applying, with the headset, a rightauditory stimulus pattern to the right side of the head, Theapplications of the left auditory stimulus pattern and the rightauditory stimulus pattern are coordinated with one another.

These features together with the various ancillary provisions andfeatures which will become apparent to those skilled in the art from thefollowing detailed description, are attained by the methods and systemfor providing stimulation to a user of the present invention,embodiments thereof being shown with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, by way of example only, wherein:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

FIGS. 1A and 1B show schematic diagrams of therapeutic systems toprovide therapeutic auditory, visual, and/or tactile stimulus, accordingto many embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 2A and 2B show schematic diagrams of the controller for thetherapeutic systems of FIGS. 1A and 1B;

FIG. 3A shows an exemplary therapeutic wearable headset or sleep mask,according to many embodiments;

FIG. 3B shows a user wearing the therapeutic wearable headset and sleepmask of FIG. 3A; and

FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of a therapeutic method of providingtherapeutic auditory, visual, and/or tactile stimulus, according toseveral embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment therapeutic system100. Therapeutic system 100 provides one or more outputs that a personwearing the therapeutic system may experience as auditory, visual,and/or tactile stimulus. Thus, in one embodiment, therapeutic system maycomprise a left light source 110L, a right light source 110R, a leftvibration source 120L, a right vibration source 120R, and a controller130 for independently controlling and coordinating the action of thelight and vibration sources. Thus, for example, therapeutic system 100may be positioned on the head of a user with left light source 110Lpositioned over the left eye to provide a left visual stimuli, rightlight source 110R positioned over the right eye to provide a rightvisual stimuli, left vibration source 120L positioned to provide leftear auditory stimuli, and right vibration source 120R positioned toprovide right ear auditory stimuli.

In one embodiment, left and right light sources 110L, 110R may eachcomprise light-emitting diodes, an incandescent light source having awavelength filter, a fluorescent light source, a backlit LCD panel, orother light source configured to provide to the user light at a desired,predetermined wavelength or wavelength range.

In another embodiment, left and right vibration sources 120L, 120R mayeach comprise earbuds, miniature speakers, or other vibration sourcesthat can provide auditory stimuli to a user. In certain otherembodiments, left and right vibration sources 120L, 120R may comprisebone conduction transducers in the audible frequency range to providevibrations to the user's skull bone that is sensed as auditory by theuser's ear. Optionally, one or more of left and right vibration sources120L, 120R may also produce vibrations that are sensed as tactilestimuli. Thus, for example, controller 130 may provide first signals tobone conduction transducers that vibrate or oscillate at a firstfrequency that can be interpreted by the user as auditory stimuli andmay provide second signals at a second, lower frequency that can beinterpreted as a tactile sensation by the user. In other words, boneconduction transducers may be adapted to provide both auditory andtactile stimulus to the user.

In certain embodiments, left and right vibration sources 120L, 120Rprovide output at specific one or more frequencies or a range offrequencies, and are turned on and off at a stimulation frequency. Thus,for example, a vibration source may be programmed to provide an outputat an audio frequency of 256 Hz for some period of time, followed by nooutput for the following period of time. Thus, the vibration source isthe product of an audio frequency and a square wave.

FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment therapeutic system100′. Second embodiment therapeutic system 100′ is generally similar tofirst embodiment therapeutic system 100′, except as explicitly noted.Specifically, second embodiment therapeutic system 100′ includes a lefttactile stimulus source 121L and a right tactile stimulus source 121R,each of which may be individually controlled and coordinated with thecontroller 130 to provide tactile stimuli to a user of therapeuticsystem 100′.

FIGS. 2A and 2B show schematic diagrams of the controller 130 oftherapeutic system 100 or 100′. As shown in FIG. 2A, therapeutic system100 or 100′ may optionally include an external control unit 130 a thatmay wirelessly communicate with a wireless receiver/transmitter 130 c ofthe controller 130 through a wireless connection 131 a. The wirelessconnection 131 a may comprise a Bluetooth connection, a Bluetooth LEconnection, a WiFi connection, a ZigBee connection, an infrared (IR)connection, a radiofrequency (RF) connection, or an inaudible auditorysignal connection, to name a few examples. The external control unit 130a may comprise a custom-built, electronic controller. In manyembodiments, the external control unit 130 a may comprise a personalcomputing device of the user that may have downloaded onto andoperating, a custom computer application or “app” to operate the system100 or 100′ to provide a therapeutic regimen. For example, the personalcomputing device may comprise a personal computer, a personal laptopcomputer, a tablet computer (such as an Apple iPad, a Samsung GalaxyTab, a Microsoft Surface, or an Amazon Fire, to name a few examples), asmartphone (such as an Apple iPhone, a Samsung Galaxy phone, or a GoogleNexus phone, to name a few examples), and the custom computerapplication or “app” may be an application or “app” downloadable from anapplication distribution platform such as Apple iTunes, Apple Store,Google Play, Google Chrome Web Store, Amazon App Store, or MicrosoftWindows Store, to name a few examples. The application may include oneor more therapeutic regimens that the user may select for implementationby the therapeutic system 100 or 100′. In some embodiments, theapplication may allow the user to provide feedback information about theefficacy of the therapeutic regimen(s), the feedback may be uploaded andcollected by a central server(s) in communication with the application,and the therapeutic regimen(s) may be improved or optimized based on thefeedback from the one or more users. Alternatively or in combination, asshown in FIG. 2B, the system 100 or 100′ may further comprise anexternal control unit 130 a, such as a custom-built controller, that maycommunicate with the controller 130 through a wired connection 131 a,for example, a USB, FireWire, or Lightning connection, to name a fewexamples.

FIG. 3A shows one embodiment of the therapeutic system 100 as includingtherapeutic wearable headset or sleep mask 140 which integrates thelight, vibration, and, optionally, tactile sources into a single formfactor for presentation to a user. Thus, for example, when a user placeswearable headset or sleep mask 140 on their head, left light source 110Lis positioned over the left eye to provide a left visual stimuli, rightlight source 110R is positioned over the right eye to provide a rightvisual stimuli, left vibration source 120L is positioned to provide leftear auditory stimuli, and right vibration source 120R is positioned toprovide right ear auditory stimuli.

As discussed above and herein, the left vibration source 120L and theright vibration source 120R may each comprise bone conduction transducerthat may provide both auditory and tactile stimulus. Alternatively,wearable headset or sleep mask 140 is therapeutic system 100′ whichincludes left tactile stimulus source 121L and right tactile stimulussource 121R, each of which may be individually controlled andcoordinated with the controller 130, as described above regarding FIG.1B.

As discussed above and herein, the therapeutic wearable headset or sleepmask 140 may be operated with an external controller 130 a (e.g., asmartphone) in communication with the controller 130 through a wirelessconnection 131 a, for example. The user US may have an option to turntactile stimulation on or off, for example. FIG. 3B shows a user USwearing the therapeutic wearable headset or sleep mask 140.

FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of an exemplary therapeutic method 400 forproviding therapeutic auditory, visual, and/or tactile stimulus. In astep 410, a subject having a neurological disorder or condition may beidentified. Examples of neurological disorders may include, but are notlimited to, insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), braininjuries such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), mild traumatic braininjury (mTBI), or injuries to the brain due to oxygen deprivation, suchas strokes, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders,eating disorders, and psychotic disorders. Alternatively, a subject maybe selected to undergo a therapeutic method 400 for the purpose ofperformance enhancement of mental and/or physical tasks for to aid thesubject in napping or sleeping. In a step 420, the subject may beprovided the therapeutic system or headwear, such as the system 100 or100′ described above. In a step 430, the subject may wear thetherapeutic system or headwear, such as wearable headset or sleep mask140. In a step 440, headset 140 executes programming 450 provided incontroller 130 to provide stimuli to the subject. The programmingprovides two or more of auditory, video, and/or tactile stimulus areconcurrently provided by headset 140 to the subject, and thus, forexample, may provide power to activate left light source 110L, rightlight source 110R, left vibration source 120L and or right vibrationsource 120R.

As discussed above and herein, the left vibration source 120L and theright vibration source 120R may each comprise bone conduction transducerthat may provide both auditory and tactile stimulus. Alternatively,wearable headset or sleep mask 140 is therapeutic system 100′ whichincludes left tactile stimulus source 121L and right tactile stimulussource 121R, each of which may be individually controlled andcoordinated with the controller 130, as described above regarding FIG.1B.

In certain embodiments, providing two or more of auditory, video, and/ortactile stimulus concurrently may provide improved therapeutic benefitsas compared to providing only one of auditory, video, or tactilestimulus at one time. The two or more auditory, video, and/or tactilestimulus may thus combine to provide the improved therapeutic benefits,for example (i.e., the two or more auditory, video, and/or tactilestimulus may synergize in a way to provide improved results overproviding two of the stimuli individually.)

Exemplary instructions for providing stimuli may be provided, forexample, by programming 450, such as a subroutine 450 a, which includesthe simultaneous activation of all active auditory, video, and/ortactile stimulus sources. Optionally, the activation of all sources mayinclude the activation of tactile stimulation to run throughout allsubsequent auditory and/or visual stimulation. Another exemplarysubroutine 450 b may comprise alternating the left auditory, video,and/or tactile stimulus sources with the right auditory, video, and/ortactile stimulus sources (i.e., the left stimuli and right stimuli taketurns being active.) Another exemplary subroutine 450 c may comprisealternating the visual sources with the auditory and/or tactile sources(i.e., the visual stimuli and the auditory/tactile stimuli take turnsbeing active.) Another exemplary subroutine 450 d may comprisealternating the left auditory and/or tactile source and the right visualsource with the right auditory and/or tactile source and the left visualsource (i.e., opposite auditory/tactile stimuli take turns beingactive.) Such programming is further described below.

In step 440, programming 450, including by not limited to subroutines450 a, 450 b, 450 c, and 450 d, may each be applied one or more times,individually or in combination with one another. The programming may, inaddition, provide sequences of output in subroutines 450 a, 450 b, 450c, and 450 d at different frequencies and/or timings. Thus for examplethe subroutines may provide output at specific frequencies that changeas the subroutine is repeated. Thus for example, subroutine 450 a mayprovide auditory output to vibration source 120R or 120L at a frequencyof 256 Hz that is turned on and off, that is it is pulsed, at a pulsefrequency of 1 Hz for 2 minutes. This square pulse auditory signal thusgenerates signals at a frequency of 1 Hz in addition to higherharmonics. At a subsequent time the output at 256 Hz is pulsed at twicethe previous pulse frequency for 2 minutes. In this manner, the auditoryfrequency of 256 Hz may be modulated over a wide range, includingfrequencies corresponding to brain wave frequencies.

In addition, by alerting the output between left and right channels, thebrain may be stimulated in a way that it is forced to communicatebetween the left and right sides of the brain. This forcedcommunication, for example, can allow PTSD memories to be wired to bothsides of the brain, thereby stopping undesirable flashbacks.

Although the above steps show method 400 of treating a patient inaccordance with embodiments, a person of ordinary skill in the art willrecognize many variations based on the teaching described herein. Thesteps may be completed in a different order. Steps may be added ordeleted. Some of the steps may comprise sub-steps. Many of the steps maybe repeated as often as beneficial to the treatment.

One or more of the steps of the method 400 may be performed with thecircuitry as described herein, for example, circuitry of the controller130 or the external control unit 130 a such as one or more of aprocessor or logic circuitry such as a central processing unit (CPU) ora programmable array logic for field programmable gate array. Thecircuitry may be programmed to provide one or more of the steps of themethod 400, and the program may comprise program instructions stored ona computer readable memory or programmed steps of the logic circuitrysuch as the programmable array logic or the field programmable gatearray, for example.

EXAMPLE 1

The following describes an example of a stimulation pattern that hasbeen found by empirical studies to be effective for inducing sleep,including napping, increasing neuroplasticity, treating brain injuriesfrom strokes, TBI, or mTBI, improving balance, including improving finemotor control and reaction times, and treating PTSD, to name a fewindications.

Light and auditory stimulus at a first frequency may be provided for afirst time segment, then at a second lower frequency for a second timesegment, and then at a third lower frequency for a third time segment.Each time segment may include one or more sub-segments of light andauditory stimulus, each sub-segment comprising one of the subroutinesdescribed above, for example. The light and auditory stimulus may endafter a pre-determined time period, such as 20 minutes. The light andauditory stimulus may be ramped back up (i.e., starting from the thirdfrequency, then transitioning to the second frequency, and finallytransitioning to the third frequency), such as to wake the user.Alternatively or in combination, the light and auditory stimulus may bemaintained at the second frequency such as to maintain a sleep state ofthe user. As described above, tactile stimulus may be providedconcurrently with the auditory stimulus. The light may be provided at awavelength of 580 nm and the auditory having a frequency of 256 Hz maybe provided, or any of a number of auditory frequencies or combinationsthereof that the subject can select as they wish.

Table 1 below describes an exemplary treatment regimen for this example.The stimulation provided in Table 1 first cycles through a block of fourSegment A outputs, then cycles through a block of four Segment Boutputs, then cycles through seven blocks of four Segment C outputs, andlastly repeats the block of four Segment A outputs. For Segment Aoutputs (A1, A2, A3, and A4), the auditory and light outputs cycle 115or 116 times between being on for 0.1277 seconds and then being off for0.1277 seconds (that is, at a pulse frequency of 3.9 Hz), followed by nooutput for 0.5 seconds. For Segment B outputs (B1, B2, B3 and B4), theauditory and light outputs cycle 44 or 45 times between being on for0.3333 seconds and then being off for 0.3333 seconds (that is, at apulse frequency of 1.5 Hz) followed by no output for 0.5 seconds. ForSegment C outputs (C1, C2, C3 and C4), the auditory and light outputscycle 14 or 15 times between being on for 1 second and then being offfor 1 second (that is, a pulse frequency of 0.5 Hz), followed by nooutput for 1 second. Segments A1, B1, and C1 pulse the right and leftsides of both the light and auditory together, with all outputs aresynchronized to be on or off at the same time, as provided by subroutine450 a. Segments A2, B2, and C2 synchronize the left side light andauditory output, and the right side light and auditory output to beopposite to one another, as provided by subroutine 450 b. Segments A3,B3, and C3 synchronize both lights together to be opposite to bothauditory outputs, as provided by subroutine 450 c. Segments A4, B4, andC4 synchronize the right auditory and light to be opposite to the leftauditory and light outputs, as provided by subroutine 450 d.

TABLE 1 Auditory Auditory Left Right Light Left Light Right SegmentsA1-A4 for 120 s Segment A1 (Light and Auditory On 0.1277 s On 0.1277 sOn 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s both sides pulse together) Off 0.1277 s Off0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s Repeat 116 times, followed by 0.5 secgap Segment A2 (light and auditory On 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s On 0.1277 sOff 0.1277 s on left side, alternating light and Off 0.1277 s On 0.1277s Off 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s auditory on Right). Repeat 116 times,followed by 0.5 sec gap Segment A3 (both lights On 0.1277 s On 0.1277 sOff 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s together, alternating with both Off 0.1277 sOff 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s auditories together) Repeat 115times, followed by 0.5 sec gap Segment A4 (auditory left and On 0.1277 sOff 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s light right together, alternatingOff 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s auditory right andlight left together) Repeat 115 times, followed by 0.5 sec gap SegmentsB1-B4 for 120 s Segment B1 (Light and On 0.3333 s On 0.3333 s On 0.3333s On 0.3333 s Auditory both sides pulse Off 0.3333 s Off 0.3333 s Off0.3333 s Off 0.3333 s together) Repeat 45 times, followed by 0.5 sec gapSegment B2 (light and auditory On 0.3333 s Off 0.3333 s On 0.3333 s Off0.3333 s on left side, alternating light and Off 0.3333 s On 0.3333 sOff 0.3333 s On 0.3333 s auditory on Right) Repeat 44 times, followed by0.5 sec gap Segment B3 (both lights On 0.3333 s On 0.3333 s Off 0.3333 sOff 0.3333 s together, alternating with both Off 0.3333 s Off 0.3333 sOn 0.3333 s On 0.3333 s auditories together) Repeat 44 times, followedby 0.5 sec gap Segment B4 (auditory left and On 0.3333 s Off 0.3333 sOff 0.3333 s On 0.3333 s light right together, alternating Off 0.3333 sOn 0.3333 s On 0.3333 s Off 0.3333 s auditory right and light lefttogether) Repeat 44 times, followed by 0.5 sec gap Repeat the followingSegments C1-C4 7 times for a total of 14 minutes Segment C1 (Light andAuditory On 1 sec On 1 sec On 1 sec On 1 sec both sides pulse together)Off 1 sec Off 1 sec Off 1 sec Off 1 sec Repeat 15 times, followed by 1sec gap Segment C2 (light and auditory On 1 sec Off 1 sec On 1 sec Off 1sec on left side, alternating light and Off 1 sec On 1 sec Off 1 sec On1 sec auditory on Right) Repeat 15 times, followed by 1 sec gap SegmentC3 (both lights On 1 sec On 1 sec Off 1 sec Off 1 sec together,alternating with both Off 1 sec Off 1 sec On 1 sec On 1 sec auditoriestogether) Repeat 14 times, followed by 1 sec gap Segment C4 (auditoryleft and On 1 sec Off 1 sec Off 1 sec On 1 sec light right together,alternating Off 1 sec On 1 sec On 1 sec Off 1 sec auditory right andlight left Off 1 sec On 1 sec On 1 sec Off 1 sec together) Repeat 14times, followed by 1 sec gap Segments A1-A4 for 120 s Segment A1 (Lightand Auditory On 0.1277 On 0.1277 On 0.1277 On 0.1277 both sides pulsetogether) Off 0.1277 Off 0.1277 Off 0.1277 Off 0.1277 Repeat 116 times,followed by 0.5 sec gap Segment A2 (light and auditory On 0.1277 Off0.1277 On 0.1277 Off 0.1277 on left side, alternating light and Off0.1277 On 0.1277 Off 0.1277 On 0.1277 auditory on Right) Repeat 116times, followed by 0.5 sec gap Segment A3 (both lights On 0.1277 On0.1277 Off 0.1277 Off 0.1277 together, alternating with both Off 0.1277Off 0.1277 On 0.1277 On 0.1277 auditories together) Repeat 115 times,followed by 0.5 sec gap Segment A4 (auditory left and On 0.1277 Off0.1277 Off 0.1277 On 0.1277 light right together, alternating Off 0.1277On 0.1277 On 0.1277 Off 0.1277 auditory right and light left together)Repeat 115 times, followed by 0.5 sec gap

EXAMPLE 2

The following describes an example of a stimulation pattern that hasbeen found by empirical studies to be effective for inducing sleep. Thestimulation pattern of Example 2 includes the part of the treatmentregimen shown in Table 1. Specifically, the stimulation first cyclesthrough a block of four Segment A outputs, then cycles through a blockof four Segment B outputs, and then cycles through seven blocks of fourSegment C outputs. The repetition of the last block of four Segment Aoutputs is not provided in Example 2.

EXAMPLE 3

The following described example of a stimulation pattern that has beenfound by empirical studies to be effective for increasing alpha wavebrain activity, inducing neuroplasticity, treating stroke or other braininjuries such as TBI, mTBI, including improving balance, improving finemotor control and reaction times, and treating PTSD, to name a fewindications.

In this example, the four subroutines described above and herein areapplied and repeated for multiple time segments, each at a predeterminedstimulation (repetition) frequency. The four subroutines may berepeated, such as with each segment of the four subroutines lasting 120seconds, for example. As described above, tactile stimulus may beprovided concurrently with the auditory stimulus. The light may beprovided at a wavelength of 580 nm and the auditory having a frequencyof 432 Hz may be provided.

Table 2 below describes an exemplary treatment regimen for this example.The stimulation provided in Table 2 cycles through a block of fourSegment A outputs 10 times. For Segment A1, A2, A3, and A4, the auditoryand light outputs cycle 115 or 116 times between being on for 0.1277seconds and then being off for 0.1277 seconds, followed by no output for0.5 seconds. Segments A1 pulses the right and left sides of both thelight and auditory together, with all outputs are synchronized to be onor off at the same time, as provided by subroutine 450 a. Segment A2synchronizes the left side light and auditory output, and the right sidelight and auditory output to be opposite to one another, as provided bysubroutine 450 b. Segment A3 synchronizes both lights together to beopposite to both auditory outputs, as provided by subroutine 450 c.Segment A4 synchronizes the right auditory and light to be opposite tothe left auditory and light outputs, as provided by subroutine 450 d.

TABLE 2 Auditory Auditory Left Right Light Left Light Right Repeat thefollowing Segments A1-A4 10 times for a total time of 20 minutes SegmentA1 (Light and Auditory On 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s On 0.1277 sboth sides pulse together) Off 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s Off0.1277 s Repeat 116 times, followed by 0.5 sec gap Segment A2 (light andauditory On 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s on left side,alternating light and Off 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s On 0.1277 sauditory on Right) Repeat 116 times, followed by 0.5 sec gap Segment A3(both lights On 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s together,alternating with both Off 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s On 0.1277 sauditories together) Repeat 115 times, followed by 0.5 sec gap SegmentA4 (auditory left and On 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s On 0.1277 slight right together, alternating Off 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s On 0.1277 sOff 0.1277 s auditory right and light left together) Repeat 115 times,followed by 0.5 sec gap

EXAMPLE 4

The following described yet another example of a stimulation patternthat has been found by empirical studies to be effective for increasingenergy levels in the subject. Light and auditory stimulus at a firstfrequency may be provided for a first time segment, then at a secondhigher frequency for a second time segment, then back at the firstfrequency for a subsequent time segment, and so forth. Each time segmentmay include one or more sub-segments of light and auditory stimulus,each sub-segment comprising one of the subroutines described above, forexample. The light and auditory stimulus may end after a pre-determinedtime period, such as 20 minutes. As described above, tactile stimulusmay be provided concurrently with the auditory stimulus. The light maybe provided at a wavelength of 580 nm and the auditory having afrequency of 432 Hz may be provided.

Table 3 below describes an exemplary treatment regimen for this example.The stimulation provided in Table 3 cycles ten times first through ablock of four Segment A outputs, then through a block of four Segment Doutputs. For Segment A outputs (A1, A2, A3, and A4), the auditory andlight outputs cycle 115 or 116 times between being on for 0.1277 secondsand then being off for 0.1277 seconds, followed by no output for 0.5seconds. For Segment D outputs (D1, D2, D3 and D4), the auditory andlight outputs cycle 44 or 45 times between being on for 0.0667 secondsand then being off for 0. 0667 seconds, followed by no output for 0.5seconds. Segments A1 and D1 pulse the right and left sides of both thelight and auditory together, with all outputs are synchronized to be onor off at the same time, as provided by subroutine 450 a. Segments A2and D2 synchronize the left side light and auditory output, and theright side light and auditory output to be opposite to one another, asprovided by subroutine 450 b. Segments A3 and D3 synchronize both lightstogether to be opposite to both auditory outputs, as provided bysubroutine 450 c. Segments A4 and D4 synchronize the right auditory andlight to be opposite to the left auditory and light outputs, as providedby subroutine 450 d.

TABLE 3 Auditory Left Auditory Right Light Left Light Right Repeat 10times: Segments A1-A4 followed by Segments D1-D4, for a total time of 20minutes Segment A1 (Light and On 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s On0.1277 s Auditory both sides pulse Off 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s Off 0.1277s Off 0.1277 s together) Repeat 116 times, followed by 0.5 sec gapSegment A2 (light and On 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 sauditory on left side, Off 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s On 0.1277 salternating light and auditory on Right) Repeat 116 times, followed by0.5 sec gap Segment A3 (both lights On 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 sOff 0.1277 s together, alternating with both Off 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 sOn 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s auditories together) Repeat 115 times, followedby 0.5 sec gap Segment A4 (auditory left and On 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 sOff 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s light right together, alternating Off 0.1277 sOn 0.1277 s On 0.1277 s Off 0.1277 s auditory right and light lefttogether) Repeat 115 times, followed by 0.5 sec gap Segment D1 (Lightand On 0.0667 s On 0.0667 s On 0.0667 s On 0.0667 s Auditory both sidespulse Off 0.0667 s Off 0.0667 s Off 0.0667 s Off 0.0667 s together)Repeat 221 times, followed by 0.5 sec gap Segment D2 (light and On0.0667 s Off 0.0667 s On 0.0667 s Off 0.0667 s auditory on left side,Off 0.0667 s On 0.0667 s Off 0.0667 s On 0.0667 s alternating light andauditory on Right) Repeat 221 times, followed by 0.5 sec gap Segment D3(both lights On 0.0667 s On 0.0667 s Off 0.0667 s Off 0.0667 s together,alternating with both Off 0.0667 s Off 0.0667 s On 0.0667 s On 0.0667 sauditories together) Repeat 221 times, followed by 0.5 sec gap SegmentD4 (auditory left and On 0.0667 s Off 0.0667 s Off 0.0667 s On 0.0667 slight right together, alternating Off 0.0667 s On 0.0667 s On 0.0667 sOff 0.0667 s auditory right and light left together) Repeat 221 times,followed by 0.5 sec gap

EXAMPLE 5

The following Table 4 lists experimental results for the use of theinventive methods. The table lists what was being tested or treated,details of the conditions, the number of subjects, and the results ofthe tests. In each case, the stimulation in Example 1 for treatingnon-sleep related problems and for inducing a short sleep, and thestimulation in Example 2 was used for all other treatments.

Several of the treatments provided improvements in physical and/ormental performance, such as improving fine motor control and reactiontimes. This may be due to the device providing improved neuroplasticityin the days after treatment. Other treatments provided improvements inperforming tasks and recovery from brain injury, such as injuriesresulting from oxygen deprivation (strokes) and for those suffering fromtraumatic brain injury (TBI) or mild traumatic brain injury, and myprovide improving balance, improving fine motor control. Othertreatments provided relief to sufferers of PTSD by reducing thesubject's response to triggering stimuli.

TABLE 4 No. of Treatment For Details subjects Results Pain Reduction ofchronic nerve 1 Eliminated chronic nerve damage Management damage painand improvement pain for the time the device was of sleep on self. Useof device used. for 3 months with 20 min/day of use of device PTSDTreating PTSD. Device use time of 5 3 Reduced flashbacks, nightmares andhours. hypervigilance in all 3 subjects Performance Marksmanship (riflesand pistols), 20 Significant improvements in Enhancement endurance andspeed driving marksmanship in all participants and (advancedsurveillance, coordination ease of concentration during speed andevasion). 6 hours training each driving, faster times on endurancesubject. trials for 19/20 subjects Performance Fine motor skills on bombdisposal 3 Improved performance of fine motor Enhancement Personnel 3hours training with device skills on bomb disposal VR simulation for allsubjects Performance Fine motor skills of surgeons - 3 3 Improvedperformance of fine motor Enhancement hours training each skills onsurgical procedures VR simulation for all subjects. Performance Pistoluse and marksmanship. 3 hours 2 10% and 30% respectively Enhancementtraining increased speed in stripping and reassembling weapons. (averageeach of 5 tests, pre and post training) 6% average improvement inmarksmanship scores - highly significant for such level of skill for allsubjects Performance Performance by anti-terror and anti- 5 10% averageimprovement in scores. Enhancement drug squads of an elite firearms unitTotal absence of any PTSD and PTSD of a police force. 3 hours trainingeach. Performance Marksmanship. 2 hours training 1 average groupingshrunk from 5 inches Enhancement to 1 inch at 200 yds. Brain StateIncreasing alpha activity. 4 hours 20 Results as predicted. Group 1greatest total training time per subject. Group change, followed bygroup 2, Group 3 1 L&S stimulation and biofeedback. least change ofactive groups. Group 4 Group 2 - just L&S stimulation no change. Group 3just biofeedback, Group 4 control. Double blinded - those administeringhad no idea of what was predicted to happen Performance Marksmanship 3 +Significant improvement for all Enhancement 15 subjects. MentalAttention, learning and resistance to 3 positive reports from allsubjects Performance interrogation - 4 hours each person. EnhancementConduct after Capture course. Performance Motion sickness for fixed wingaircraft 4 Dramatic improvements in half of Enhancement pilots who havedeveloped problems. 4 subjects. Small improvements in hours training persubject remaining half of subjects PTSD PTSD symptoms - test to remove33 Successful in 31/33 subjects neurological symptoms of flashbacks,nightmares and cold sweats Performance Driver performance using VR 2Immediate increase in reaction Enhancement simulators for reactionspeeds and speeds and improved performance under stress performance forall subjects Performance Professional soccer player 1 5-25% increase inspeeds to complete Enhancement performance. Trained for 4 hours. testsBattery of 21 tests Inducing Sleep Sleep patterning and circadian rhythm6 All subjects fell asleep using the device adjustment for crews settingduring training, including one subject endurance records. members eachthat was ill with a virus and couldn't year. Also used for improvingsafety otherwise sleep. drills when parachuting Performance Race cardriver performance. Ten 1 Subject won his first Grand Prix of theEnhancement days of training for 30 minutes per season. day. PerformanceSoccer player kicking performance. 5 1 Subject went from 5th ranked toEnhancement days of 1 hour each day highest ranked Stroke Use on 6 yearpost stroke subjects. 10 Observable balance improvement in Recovery fourhours training. 7/10 subjects. 3 subjects had had dramatic improvementsin their sleep. Epilepsy Effect on seizures of photosensitive 3 Onesubject was found to not be Seizure epileptics. 4 hours trainingepileptic. The other two subjects had a Reduction reduction in bothseverity and frequency of seizures, for at least a period of at leastone month. Concussion Effect on concussions 18 All subjects appeared tohave recovery Recovery happen at very fast speed. Performance Effect onmusical ability of a jazz 1 Greatly improved performance speedEnhancement musician. PTSD PTSD. Treatment protocol lasting 3 22 19individuals saw a cessation of sessions of 2 hours each major symptoms -flashbacks, nightmares, cold sweats and hypervigilance. the remaining 3appeared to be calmer after treatment, but did not stop the majorneurological symptoms Sleep Insomnia 1 Goes to sleep 4 times in 45 minsPain Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome 1 Subject had constant pain ontouching Management arms with no relief in 3 years Subject saw immediatepain relief on first use of the device. Continued use over the followingweeks results in periods of time without pain grow up to four hoursfollowing each use. Averaging at two hours. Pain Chronic pain 1 Aftersix months of use, the subject Management continues getting 30% moresleep, and and Sleep a significant reduction in pain. Device continuesto be used 3-4 times a week for 20 min.

EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

The following are example embodiments.

An example embodiment 1 comprises a method of providing stimulation to auser, the method comprises: providing a headset to be worn by the user;applying, with the headset, a left visual stimulus pattern to the lefteye of the user; applying, with the headset, a right visual stimuluspattern to the right eye of the user; applying, with the headset, a leftauditory stimulus pattern to the left side of a head of the user; andapplying, with the headset, a right auditory stimulus pattern to theright side of the head, wherein the applications of the left visualstimulus pattern, the right visual stimulus pattern, the left auditorystimulus pattern, and the right auditory stimulus pattern arecoordinated with one another.

An example embodiment 2 including example embodiment 1, whereinapplying, with the headset, the left auditory stimulus pattern comprisesapplying, with the headset, a left tactile stimulus pattern, and whereinapplying, with the headset, the right auditory stimulus patterncomprises applying, with the headset, a right tactile stimulus pattern.

An example embodiment 3 including example embodiment 2, wherein the lefttactile stimulus pattern and the right tactile stimulus pattern areconfigured to produce a plurality of concurrent left and right tactilesignals.

An example embodiment 4 including example embodiment 2, wherein the lefttactile stimulus pattern and the right tactile stimulus pattern areconfigured to produce a plurality of alternating left and right tactilesignals.

An example embodiment 5 including example embodiment 2, wherein the lefttactile stimulus pattern is coordinated with the left auditory stimuluspattern, and wherein the right tactile stimulus pattern is coordinatedwith the right auditory stimulus pattern.

An example embodiment 6 including example embodiment 5, wherein the lefttactile stimulus pattern comprises a left-side vibration at a firstfrequency generated concurrently with auditory during the left auditorystimulus pattern, and wherein the right tactile stimulus patterncomprises a right-side vibration at a second frequency generatedconcurrently with auditory during the right auditory stimulus pattern.

An example embodiment 7 including example embodiment 6, wherein one ormore of the left-side or right-side vibration is a vibration of from 0.5Hz to 1.5 Hz.

An example embodiment 8 including any one of example embodiments 1through 7, wherein applying, with the headset, the left auditorystimulus pattern comprises generating the left tactile stimulus patternwith a left bone conduction transducer of the headset, and whereinapplying, with the headset, the right auditory stimulus patterncomprises generating the left tactile stimulus pattern with a left boneconduction transducer of the headset.

An example embodiment 9 including any one of example embodiments 1through 7, wherein the left visual stimulus pattern and the right visualstimulus pattern are configured to produce a plurality of concurrentleft and right light signals.

An example embodiment 10 including any one of example embodiments 1through 7, wherein the left visual stimulus pattern and the right visualstimulus pattern are configured to produce a plurality of alternatingleft and right light signals.

An example embodiment 11 including any one of example embodiments 1through 7, wherein the left auditory stimulus pattern and the rightauditory stimulus pattern are configured to produce a plurality ofconcurrent left and right auditory signals.

An example embodiment 12 including any one of example embodiments 1through 7, wherein the left auditory stimulus pattern and the rightauditory stimulus pattern are configured to produce a plurality ofalternating left and right auditory signals.

An example embodiment 13 including any one of example embodiments 1through 12, wherein one or more of the left or right visual stimuluspattern has a light wavelength of from 550 nm to 610 nm.

An example embodiment 14 including any one of example embodiments 1through 13, wherein one or more of the left or right visual stimuluspattern has a light wavelength of 580 nm.

An example embodiment 15 including any one of example embodiments 1through 14, wherein one or more of the left or right auditory stimuluspattern includes an auditory frequency of from 240 Hz to 480 Hz.

An example embodiment 16 including any one of example embodiments 1through 15, wherein one or more of the left or right auditory stimuluspattern includes an auditory frequency of 256 Hz or 432 Hz.

An example embodiment 17 including any one of example embodiments 1through 16, wherein one or more of the left visual stimulus patterncomprises repeatedly pulsing a light at one or more of a firstfrequency, a second frequency less than the first frequency, or a thirdfrequency less than the first and second frequencies.

An example embodiment 18 including any one of example embodiments 1through 17, wherein the first frequency is between 3.75 Hz and 4.25 Hz,the second frequency is between 1.25 Hz and 1.75 Hz, and the thirdfrequency is between 0.25 Hz and 0.75 Hz.

An example embodiment 19 including example embodiment 19, wherein thefirst frequency is 3.9 Hz, the second frequency is 1.5 Hz, and the thirdfrequency is 1 Hz.

An example embodiment 20 including any one of example embodiments 18 and19, wherein repeatedly pulsing the light comprises pulsing the light fora predetermined time interval.

An example embodiment 21 including example embodiment 20, wherein thepredetermined time interval is 25-35 seconds.

An example embodiment 22 including any one of example embodiments 20 and21, wherein the predetermined time interval is 30 seconds.

An example embodiment 23 including any one of example embodiments 1through 22, wherein one or more of the left or right auditory stimuluspattern comprises a sequence stimulus patterns each having a pulsefrequency having a pulse period, said repeating temporal signalsincluding a portion of the pulse period with including an auditoryfrequency of from 240 Hz to 480 Hz and a portion of the pulse period.

An example embodiment 24 including example embodiment 23, wherein saidportion of said pulse period is one half of the pulse period.

An example embodiment 25 including any one of example embodiments 23 and24, wherein said sequence of stimulus patterns includes a first stimuluspattern having a first pulse frequency, a second stimulus pattern havinga second pulse frequency less than the first pulse frequency, and athird stimulus pattern having a third pulse frequency less than thesecond pulse frequency.

An example embodiment 26 including example embodiment 25, wherein thefirst pulse frequency is between 3.75 Hz and 4.25 Hz, the second pulsefrequency is between 1.25 Hz and 1.75 Hz, and the third pulse frequencyis between 0.25 Hz and 0.75 Hz.

An example embodiment 27 including example embodiment 25 wherein thefirst pulse frequency is 3.9 Hz, the second pulse frequency is 1.5 Hz,and the third pulse frequency is 1 Hz.

An example embodiment 28 including any one of example embodiments 25through 27, wherein said first stimulus pattern, said second stimuluspattern, or said third stimulus pattern stimulates for a predeterminedtime interval.

An example embodiment 29 including example embodiments 28, wherein thepredetermined time interval is 25-35 seconds.

An example embodiment 30 including any one of example embodiments 28 and29, wherein the predetermined time interval is 30 seconds.

An example embodiment 31 including any one of example embodiments 1through 30, wherein the headset is in operative communication with anexternal control device.

An example embodiment 32 comprises a method of treating a neurologicaldisease or condition or providing performance enhancement using themethod of example embodiment 1.

An example embodiment 33 including example embodiment 32, where saidneurological disease or condition comprises insomnia, post-traumaticstress disorder (PTSD), stokes or other brain injuries such as traumaticbrain injury (TBI), or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

An example embodiment 34 including example embodiment 32, where saidperformance enhancement is providing sleep, the improvement of mentalcapabilities, or the improvement of physical capabilities.

An example embodiment 35 including an apparatus to provide stimulationto a user, the apparatus comprises: a frame configured to be worn on ahead of the user; a left light source configured to generate a leftvisual stimulus pattern; a right light source configured to generate aright visual stimulus pattern; a left auditory source configured togenerate a left auditory stimulus pattern; a right auditory sourceconfigured to generate a right auditory stimulus pattern; and acontroller coupled to the left light source, the right light source, theleft auditory source, and the right auditory source, whereinapplications of the left visual stimulus pattern, the right visualstimulus pattern, the left auditory stimulus pattern, and the rightauditory stimulus pattern are independently controlled from one anotherbut coordinated with one another by the controller.

An example embodiment 36 including example embodiment 35, wherein theleft auditory source is further configured to generate a left tactilestimulus pattern, and wherein the right auditory source is furtherconfigured to generate a right tactile stimulus pattern.

An example embodiment 37 including any one of example embodiments 35 and36, wherein one or more of the left or right auditory source comprises abone conduction transducer.

An example embodiment 38 including any one of example embodiments 35through 37, wherein the controller is configured to be in communicationwith and operated by an external control unit.

An example embodiment 39 including example embodiment 38, wherein theexternal control unit is in wireless communication with the controller.

An example embodiment 40. including any one of example embodiments 38and 39, wherein the external control unit comprises one or more of apersonal computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a smartphone,or a wearable computer.

An example embodiment 41 including any one of example embodiments 38through 40, wherein the external control unit has operating thereon anapplication configured to interface with and operate the controller.

An example embodiment 42 including any one of example embodiments 35through 41, wherein one or more of the left or right light sourcecomprises a light-emitting diode (LED).

An example embodiment 43 including any one of example embodiments 35through 42, wherein one or more of the left or right light source isconfigured to generate light at 550-610 nm.

An example embodiment 44 including any one of example embodiments 35through 42, wherein one or more of the left or right light source isconfigured to generate light at 580 nm.

An example embodiment 45 comprises a method to provide stimulation to auser, the method comprises: concurrently providing a left-side lightstimulus to a left eye of the user, a right-side light stimulus to aright eye of the user, a left-side auditory stimulus to a left side ofthe user, and a right-side auditory stimulus to a right side of the userfor a first time interval; alternating providing the left-side lightstimulus and left-side auditory stimulus with providing the right-sidelight stimulus and right-side auditory stimulus for a second timeinterval; alternating providing the left-side and right-side lightstimuli with providing the left-side and right-side auditory stimuli fora third time interval; and alternating providing the left-side lightstimulus and right-side auditory stimulus with providing the right-sidelight stimulus and left-side auditory stimulus for a fourth timeinterval.

An example embodiment 46 including example embodiment 45, wherein thesecond time interval is after the first time interval, the third timeinterval is after the second time interval, and the fourth time intervalis after the third time interval.

An example embodiment 47 including of any one of example embodiments 45and 46, wherein one or more of the left-side or right-side light stimulicomprises pulsing a light at a predetermined pulsing frequency for oneor more of the first, second, third, or fourth time intervals.

An example embodiment 48 including any one of example embodiments 45through 47, wherein one or more of the left-side or right-side auditorystimuli comprises generating a auditory at a predetermined generationfrequency for one or more of the first, second, third, or fourth timeintervals.

An example embodiment 49 including any one of example embodiments 45through 48, wherein the left-side light stimulus, the right-side lightstimulus, the left-side auditory stimulus, and the right-side auditorystimulus are generated with a wearable headset.

An example embodiment 50 including any one of example embodiments 45through 49, further comprises providing a left-side tactile stimulusconcurrently with the left-side auditory stimulus and providing aright-side tactile stimulus concurrently with the right-side auditorystimulus.

An example embodiment 51 comprises a method of treating a neurologicaldisease or condition or providing performance enhancement using themethod of example embodiment 45.

An example embodiment 52 including example embodiment 51, where saidneurological disease or condition comprises insomnia, post-traumaticstress disorder (PTSD), stokes or other brain injuries such as traumaticbrain injury (TBI), or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

An example embodiment 53 including example embodiment 51, where saidperformance enhancement is providing sleep, improving alpha waveactivity, the improvement of mental capabilities, or the improvement ofphysical capabilities.

An example embodiment 54 comprises a method to provide stimulation to auser, the method comprises: providing a headset to be worn by the user;applying, with the headset, a left auditory stimulus pattern to the leftside of a head of the user; and applying, with the headset, a rightauditory stimulus pattern to the right side of the head, wherein theapplications of the left auditory stimulus pattern and the rightauditory stimulus pattern are coordinated with one another.

An example embodiment 55 including example embodiment 54, wherein theleft auditory stimulus pattern and the right auditory stimulus patternare configured to produce a plurality of concurrent left and rightauditory signals.

An example embodiment 56 including example embodiment 54, wherein theleft auditory stimulus pattern and the right auditory stimulus patternare configured to produce a plurality of alternating left and rightauditory signals.

An example embodiment 57 including any one of example embodiments 54through 56, wherein one or more of the left or right auditory stimuluspattern includes an auditory frequency of from 240 Hz to 480 Hz.

An example embodiment 58 including any one of example embodiments 54through 57, wherein one or more of the left or right auditory stimuluspattern includes an auditory frequency of 256 Hz or 432 Hz.

An example embodiment 59 including any one of example embodiments 54through 58, wherein one or more of the left or right auditory stimuluspattern comprises a sequence stimulus patterns each having a pulsefrequency having a pulse period, said repeating temporal signalsincluding a portion of the pulse period with including an auditoryfrequency of from 240 Hz to 480 Hz and a portion of the pulse period.

An example embodiment 60 including example embodiment 59, wherein saidportion of said pulse period is one half of the pulse period.

An example embodiment 61 including any one of example embodiments 59 and60, wherein said sequence of stimulus patterns includes a first stimuluspattern having a first pulse frequency, a second stimulus pattern havinga second pulse frequency less than the first pulse frequency, and athird stimulus pattern having a third pulse frequency less than thesecond pulse frequency.

An example embodiment 62 including example embodiment 61, wherein thefirst pulse frequency is between 3.75 Hz and 4.25 Hz, the second pulsefrequency is between 1.25 Hz and 1.75 Hz, and the third pulse frequencyis between 0.25 Hz and 0.75 Hz.

An example embodiment 63 including example embodiment 62, wherein thefirst pulse frequency is 3.9 Hz, the second pulse frequency is 1.5 Hz,and the third pulse frequency is 1 Hz.

An example embodiment 64 including any one of example embodiments 61through 63, wherein said first stimulus pattern, said second stimuluspattern, or said third stimulus pattern stimulates for a predeterminedtime interval.

An example embodiment 65 including example embodiment 64, wherein thepredetermined time interval is 25-35 seconds.

An example embodiment 66 including example embodiment 64, wherein thepredetermined time interval is 30 seconds.

An example embodiment 67 including any one of example embodiments 54through 66, wherein the headset is in operative communication with anexternal control device.

An example embodiment 68 comprises a method of treating a neurologicaldisease or condition or providing performance enhancement using themethod of example embodiment 54.

An example embodiment 69 including example embodiment 68, where saidneurological disease or condition comprises insomnia, post-traumaticstress disorder (PTSD), or brain injuries such as traumatic brain injury(TBI), mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), or strokes.

An example embodiment 70 including example embodiment 68, where saidperformance enhancement is providing sleep, the improvement of mentalcapabilities, or the improvement of physical capabilities.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown anddescribed herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art thatsuch embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerousvariations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilledin the art without departing from the invention. It should be understoodthat various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention describedherein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is intended thatthe following claims define the scope of the invention and that methodsand structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents becovered thereby.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of providing stimulation to a user, themethod comprising: providing a headset to be worn by the user; applying,with the headset, a left visual stimulus pattern to the left eye of theuser; applying, with the headset, a right visual stimulus pattern to theright eye of the user; applying, with the headset, a left auditorystimulus pattern to the left side of a head of the user; and applying,with the headset, a right auditory stimulus pattern to the right side ofthe head, wherein the applications of the left visual stimulus pattern,the right visual stimulus pattern, the left auditory stimulus pattern,and the right auditory stimulus pattern are coordinated with oneanother.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein applying, with the headset,the left auditory stimulus pattern comprises applying, with the headset,a left tactile stimulus pattern, and wherein applying, with the headset,the right auditory stimulus pattern comprises applying, with theheadset, a right tactile stimulus pattern.
 3. The method of claim 2,wherein the left tactile stimulus pattern and the right tactile stimuluspattern are configured to produce a plurality of concurrent left andright tactile signals.
 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the lefttactile stimulus pattern and the right tactile stimulus pattern areconfigured to produce a plurality of alternating left and right tactilesignals.
 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the left tactile stimuluspattern is coordinated with the left auditory stimulus pattern, andwherein the right tactile stimulus pattern is coordinated with the rightauditory stimulus pattern.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the lefttactile stimulus pattern comprises a left-side vibration at a firstfrequency generated concurrently with auditory during the left auditorystimulus pattern, and wherein the right tactile stimulus patterncomprises a right-side vibration at a second frequency generatedconcurrently with auditory during the right auditory stimulus pattern.7. The method of claim 1, wherein applying, with the headset, the leftauditory stimulus pattern comprises generating the left tactile stimuluspattern with a left bone conduction transducer of the headset, andwherein applying, with the headset, the right auditory stimulus patterncomprises generating the left tactile stimulus pattern with a left boneconduction transducer of the headset.
 8. The method of claim 1, whereinthe left visual stimulus pattern and the right visual stimulus patternare configured to produce a plurality of concurrent left and right lightsignals.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the left visual stimuluspattern and the right visual stimulus pattern are configured to producea plurality of alternating left and right light signals.
 10. The methodof claim 1, wherein the left auditory stimulus pattern and the rightauditory stimulus pattern are configured to produce a plurality ofconcurrent left and right auditory signals.
 11. The method of claim 1,wherein the left auditory stimulus pattern and the right auditorystimulus pattern are configured to produce a plurality of alternatingleft and right auditory signals.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein oneor more of the left or right auditory stimulus pattern includes anauditory frequency of from 240 Hz to 480 Hz.
 14. The method of claim 1,wherein one or more of the left visual stimulus pattern comprisesrepeatedly pulsing a light at one or more of a first frequency, a secondfrequency less than the first frequency, or a third frequency less thanthe first and second frequencies.
 15. The method of claim 14, whereinthe first frequency is between 3.75 Hz and 4.25 Hz, the second frequencyis between 1.25 Hz and 1.75 Hz, and the third frequency is between 0.25Hz and 0.75 Hz.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein repeatedly pulsingthe light comprises pulsing the light for a predetermined time interval.17. The method of claim 16, wherein the predetermined time interval is25-35 seconds.
 18. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of theleft or right auditory stimulus pattern comprises a sequence stimuluspatterns each having a pulse frequency having a pulse period, saidrepeating temporal signals including a portion of the pulse period withincluding an auditory frequency of from 240 Hz to 480 Hz and a portionof the pulse period.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said portion ofsaid pulse period is one half of the pulse period.
 20. The method ofclaim 18, wherein said sequence of stimulus patterns includes a firststimulus pattern having a first pulse frequency, a second stimuluspattern having a second pulse frequency less than the first pulsefrequency, and a third stimulus pattern having a third pulse frequencyless than the second pulse frequency.
 21. The method of claim 20,wherein the first pulse frequency is between 3.75 Hz and 4.25 Hz, thesecond pulse frequency is between 1.25 Hz and 1.75 Hz, and the thirdpulse frequency is between 0.25 Hz and 0.75 Hz.
 22. The method of claim20, wherein said first stimulus pattern, said second stimulus pattern,or said third stimulus pattern stimulates for a predetermined timeinterval.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the predetermined timeinterval is 25-35 seconds.
 24. The method of claim 23, wherein thepredetermined time interval is 30 seconds.
 25. The method of claim 1,wherein the headset is in operative communication with an externalcontrol device.
 26. A method of treating a neurological disease orcondition or providing performance enhancement using the method ofclaim
 1. 27. The method of claim 26, where said neurological disease orcondition comprises insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)and/or brain injury.
 28. The method of claim 26, where said treatingprovides increase alpha wave activity in the brain.
 28. The method ofclaim 26, where said performance enhancement is providing sleep, theimprovement of mental capabilities, or the improvement of physicalcapabilities.
 29. An apparatus to provide stimulation to a user, theapparatus comprising: a frame configured to be worn on a head of theuser; a left light source configured to generate a left visual stimuluspattern; a right light source configured to generate a right visualstimulus pattern; a left auditory source configured to generate a leftauditory stimulus pattern; a right auditory source configured togenerate a right auditory stimulus pattern; and a controller coupled tothe left light source, the right light source, the left auditory source,and the right auditory source, wherein applications of the left visualstimulus pattern, the right visual stimulus pattern, the left auditorystimulus pattern, and the right auditory stimulus pattern areindependently controlled from one another but coordinated with oneanother by the controller.
 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein theleft auditory source is further configured to generate a left tactilestimulus pattern, and wherein the right auditory source is furtherconfigured to generate a right tactile stimulus pattern.
 31. Theapparatus of claim 29, wherein one or more of the left or right auditorysource comprises a bone conduction transducer.
 32. The apparatus ofclaim 29, wherein the controller is configured to be in communicationwith and operated by an external control unit.
 33. The apparatus ofclaim 32, wherein the external control unit is in wireless communicationwith the controller.
 34. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the externalcontrol unit comprises one or more of a personal computer, a laptopcomputer, a tablet computer, a smartphone, or a wearable computer. 35.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the external control unit hasoperating thereon an application configured to interface with andoperate the controller.
 36. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein one ormore of the left or right light source comprises a light-emitting diode(LED).
 37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein one or more of the left orright light source is configured to generate light at 550-610 nm. 38.The apparatus of claim 36, wherein one or more of the left or rightlight source is configured to generate light at 580 nm.
 39. A method oftreating a neurological disease or condition or providing performanceenhancement using the apparatus of claim
 29. 40. The method of claim 39,where said neurological disease or condition comprises insomnia,post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or brain injury.
 41. Themethod of claim 39, where said treating provides increase alpha waveactivity in the brain.
 42. The method of claim 39, where saidperformance enhancement is providing sleep, the improvement of mentalcapabilities, or the improvement of physical capabilities.